1.hostPath存储卷
1.1hostPath概述
hostPath存储卷的应用场景是: 容器访问worker节点任意工作目录的情况。hostPath 将Pod与特定节点绑定，破坏了K8s的”可调度性”原则，仅在必要时使用。(意思就是232节点的pod就不能访问233节点宿主机的目录)
- 也可以将宿主机时间和容器时间进行同步。删除pod,数据不丢失
1.2容器访问worker宿主机案例
1.创建资源
[root@master231 deployments]# cat 04-deploy-volumes-hostPath.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: deploy-volumes-hostpath
spec:
replicas: 5
selector:
matchLabels:
apps: xiuxian
template:
metadata:
labels:
apps: xiuxian
version: v1
spec:
volumes:
- name: xixi
# 声明存储卷类型
hostPath:
# 指定宿主机的路径，如果宿主机路径不存在，默认会自动创建
path: /data
containers:
- name: c1
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/yinzhengjie-k8s/apps:v1
volumeMounts:
- name: xixi
mountPath: /oldboyedu
[root@master231 deployments]#
[root@master231 deployments]# kubectl apply -f 04-deploy-volumes-hostPath.yaml
deployment.apps/deploy-volumes-hostpath created
[root@master231 deployments]#
[root@master231 deployments]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
deploy-volumes-hostpath-6798f4784c-4cc8h 1/1 Running 0 4s 10.100.1.169 worker232 <none> <none>
deploy-volumes-hostpath-6798f4784c-7rlzm 1/1 Running 0 4s 10.100.2.150 worker233 <none> <none>
deploy-volumes-hostpath-6798f4784c-fr74r 1/1 Running 0 4s 10.100.1.168 worker232 <none> <none>
deploy-volumes-hostpath-6798f4784c-rghb5 1/1 Running 0 4s 10.100.2.151 worker233 <none> <none>
deploy-volumes-hostpath-6798f4784c-w826c 1/1 Running 0 4s 10.100.2.149 worker233 <none> <none>
[root@master231 deployments]#
2.访问测试
[root@master231 deployments]# kubectl exec -it deploy-volumes-hostpath-6798f4784c-4cc8h -- sh #在232节点修改的
/ #
/ # ls -l /oldboyedu/
total 0
/ #
/ # echo www.oldboyedu.com > /oldboyedu/index.html
/ #
/ # ls -l /oldboyedu/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Dec 3 03:59 index.html
/ #
/ # cat /oldboyedu/index.html
www.oldboyedu.com
/ #
[root@master231 deployments]#
[root@master231 deployments]# kubectl exec deploy-volumes-hostpath-6798f4784c-fr74r -- cat /oldboyedu/index.html # 该pod在worker232节点
www.oldboyedu.com
[root@master231 deployments]#
[root@master231 deployments]# kubectl exec deploy-volumes-hostpath-6798f4784c-w826c -- cat /oldboyedu/index.html # 该Pod不在worker232节点
cat: can’t open '/oldboyedu/index.html': No such file or directory
command terminated with exit code 1
[root@master231 deployments]#
3.删除资源
[root@master231 deployments]# kubectl delete -f 04-deploy-volumes-hostPath.yaml
deployment.apps "deploy-volumes-hostpath" deleted
[root@master231 deployments]#
[root@master231 deployments]# kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.
[root@master231 deployments]#
4.验证worker节点数据
[root@worker232 ~]# ll /data
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 3 11:59 ./
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4096 Dec 3 11:59 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Dec 3 11:59 index.html
[root@worker232 ~]#
[root@worker232 ~]# cat /data/index.html
www.oldboyedu.com
[root@worker233 ~]# ll /data #在232节点才有
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 3 11:59 ./
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4096 Dec 3 11:59 ../1.3容器和宿主机同步时区
1.编写资源并创建资源
[root@master231 deployments]# cat 05-deploy-volumes-hostPath.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: deploy-volumes-hostpath
spec:
replicas: 5
selector:
matchLabels:
apps: xiuxian
template:
metadata:
labels:
apps: xiuxian
version: v1
spec:
volumes:
- name: xixi
# 声明存储卷类型
hostPath:
# 指定宿主机的路径，如果宿主机路径不存在，默认会自动创建
path: /data
- name: haha
hostPath:
path: /etc/localtime
containers:
- name: c1
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/yinzhengjie-k8s/apps:v1
volumeMounts:
- name: xixi
mountPath: /oldboyedu
- name: haha
#容器中默认没有这个文件
mountPath: /etc/localtime
[root@master231 deployments]#
2.创建资源
[root@master231 deployments]# kubectl apply -f 05-deploy-volumes-hostPath.yaml
deployment.apps/deploy-volumes-hostpath created
[root@master231 deployments]#
[root@master231 deployments]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
deploy-volumes-hostpath-5ff5bb85b7-4lghw 1/1 Running 0 3s 10.100.2.160 worker233 <none> <none>
deploy-volumes-hostpath-5ff5bb85b7-5cfxb 1/1 Running 0 3s 10.100.2.158 worker233 <none> <none>
deploy-volumes-hostpath-5ff5bb85b7-65wjx 1/1 Running 0 3s 10.100.2.159 worker233 <none> <none>
deploy-volumes-hostpath-5ff5bb85b7-8xnbl 1/1 Running 0 3s 10.100.1.174 worker232 <none> <none>
deploy-volumes-hostpath-5ff5bb85b7-j5ljs 1/1 Running 0 3s 10.100.1.175 worker232 <none> <none>
[root@master231 deployments]#
3.查看pod的时间
[root@master231 deployments]# kubectl exec deploy-volumes-hostpath-5ff5bb85b7-4lghw -- date -R
Wed, 03 Dec 2025 12:05:43 +0800
[root@master231 deployments]#
[root@master231 deployments]# date -R
Wed, 03 Dec 2025 12:05:48 +0800
4.删除资源
[root@master231 deployments]# kubectl delete -f 05-deploy-volumes-hostPath.yaml
deployment.apps "deploy-volumes-hostpath" deleted
[root@master231 deployments]# 2.configMap配置管理(存储卷进阶)
2.1什么是configMap？
“cm”是configMap的简称，主要存储的是配置信息，只要是配置相关的信息都可以用该资源定义。
cm资源存储在etcd数据库中。
cm资源可以被k8s的pod以环境变量的方式注入，也可以基于存储卷的方式注入。
2.2cm的基本管理
1）响应式管理cm
1.创建cm资源
[root@master231 ~]# kubectl create configmap xixi --from-file=myhosts=/etc/hosts --from-file=myfstab=/etc/fstab --from-literal=school=oldboyedu --from-literal=class=linux101
configmap/xixi created
#要善于利用帮助手册
[root@master231 ~]# kubectl create configmap --help
相关参数说明:
--from-file：
从本地文件读取数据作为内容，key可以自定义。
--from-literal
自定义key和value。
2.查看资源
[root@master231 ~]# kubectl get cm
NAME DATA AGE
kube-root-ca.crt 1 3d5h
xixi 4 1s
[root@master231 ~]#
3.查看cm资源的详细信息
[root@master231 ~]# kubectl describe cm xixi
Name: xixi
Namespace: default
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Data
====
class:
----
linux101
myfstab:
----
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-id/dm-uuid-LVM-bnHAqpuXu82FBpioU8vuL2VHJrbRd5htZ2cCu4oaG9KR6WhEsT7eOyWGYrsz1L1N / ext4 defaults 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sda2 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/1ed39505-7b9d-46a1-af6d-67d05107e9df /boot ext4 defaults 0 1
#/swap.img none swap sw 0 0
myhosts:
----
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 yinzhengjie
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
10.0.0.250 harbor250.oldboyedu.com
school:
----
oldboyedu
BinaryData
====
Events: <none>
[root@master231 ~]#
4.编辑资源
[root@master231 ~]# kubectl edit cm xixi # 使用'wq'进行保存并退出，和vim命令类似。
configmap/xixi edited
[root@master231 ~]#
5.删除cm资源
[root@master231 ~]# kubectl delete cm xixi
configmap "xixi" deleted
[root@master231 ~]#
[root@master231 ~]# kubectl get cm
NAME DATA AGE
kube-root-ca.crt 1 3d5h
[root@master231 ~]# 2）声明式管理cm
1 编写资源清单
[root@master231 configmaps]# cat 01-cm-conf.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: cm-conf
data:
school: oldboyedu
class: linux101
my.cnf: |2.3configMap实现配置中心案例
- 配置中心：一个pod就相当于1个服务器，3副本,都是监听90端口,相当于web集群
1 编写资源清单
[root@master231 configmaps]# cat 04-deploy-cm-xiuxian.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: deploy-xiuxian
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: xiuxian
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: xiuxian
version: v1
spec:
volumes:
- name: datetime
hostPath:
path: /etc/localtime
- name: data
configMap:
name: cm-nginx
items:
- key: default.conf
path: xiuxian.conf
containers:
- name: c1
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/yinzhengjie-k8s/apps:v1
volumeMounts:
- name: data
mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/
- name: datetime
mountPath: /etc/localtime
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: cm-nginx
data:
default.conf: |
server {
listen 91;
listen [::]:91;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
[root@master231 configmaps]#
2 测试验证
[root@master231 configmaps]# kubectl apply -f 04-deploy-cm-xiuxian.yaml
deployment.apps/deploy-xiuxian created
configmap/cm-nginx created
[root@master231 configmaps]#
[root@master231 configmaps]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
deploy-xiuxian-7f76dd69c-4x86b 1/1 Running 0 3s 10.100.1.189 worker232 <none> <none>
deploy-xiuxian-7f76dd69c-k9k7p 1/1 Running 0 3s 10.100.2.173 worker233 <none> <none>
deploy-xiuxian-7f76dd69c-s5wj8 1/1 Running 0 3s 10.100.1.190 worker232 <none> <none>
[root@master231 configmaps]#
[root@master231 configmaps]# curl 10.100.1.189 # 很明显，默认的80端口不生效啦！
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 10.100.1.189 port 80 after 0 ms: Connection refused
[root@master231 configmaps]#
[root@master231 configmaps]# curl 10.100.1.189:91
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>yinzhengjie apps v1</title>
<style>
div img {
width: 900px;
height: 600px;
margin: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="color: green">凡人修仙传 v1 </h1>
<div>
<img src="1.jpg">
<div>
</body>
</html>
[root@master231 configmaps]#
[root@master231 configmaps]# kubectl exec -it deploy-xiuxian-7f76dd69c-4x86b -- sh
/ #
/ # ls -l /etc/nginx/conf.d/ # 之前的default文件被覆盖了！
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Dec 3 16:42 xiuxian.conf -> ..data/xiuxian.conf
/ #
/ # cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/xiuxian.conf
server {
listen 91;
listen [::]:91;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
/ #
3.删除资源
[root@master231 configmaps]# kubectl delete -f 04-deploy-cm-xiuxian.yaml
deployment.apps "deploy-xiuxian" deleted
configmap "cm-nginx" deleted总结
- hostPath存储卷
- configMap
- 很灵活,如一个镜像中的配置文件写死了,在不需要打镜像的情况下,就可以通过cm挂载到容器中从而修改。作者
2632782425@qq.com
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